Pepe

Pepper , often called "the king of spices ", is one of the most widespread and used spices in the world. Coming from the fruits of the Piper nigrum , it has a rich and fascinating history that spans centuries and continents. Much more than a simple seasoning: pepper is an ingredient that has revolutionized global cuisine . With its strong and pungent flavor, it can transform even the simplest dishes into extraordinary recipes .

The history of pepper

The history of pepper is intertwined with that of global trade and great exploration, originating from the southwestern coast of India, particularly the Malabar Coast . Here, in the rainforests and fertile plains, the Piper nigrum plant thrived naturally, becoming a fundamental resource for local populations and, subsequently, for global trade.

Pepper cultivation dates back over 4000 years. The first traces of its use are found in the Vedic writings of ancient India, where it was appreciated not only as a culinary spice , but also for its medicinal properties. In fact, it was used in religious rituals and considered a valuable trade commodity.

The Malabar region, now part of the state of Kerala, became the production hub. Local growers developed advanced techniques for growing and drying peppercorns, perfecting the process that gives it its distinctive pungent flavor and aroma .

During ancient times, pepper began to travel beyond the borders of India through maritime and land trade networks . Arab merchants were among the first to transport it along trade routes to the Roman Empire, where it immediately became a luxury commodity.

Indian merchants were instrumental in the spread of pepper, establishing trade networks that extended as far as China and Southeast Asia . The port cities of Calicut (now Kozhikode) and Cochin (now Kochi) became important trading centers , attracting traders from around the world.

The age of great European exploration , which began in the 15th century, was largely motivated by the search for valuable spices. Vasco da Gama , the famous Portuguese explorer, reached the Malabar coast in 1498, opening a new direct sea route between Europe and India.

Most popular types of pepper

Black Pepper

Black pepper is obtained from the unripe fruits of the Piper nigrum plant, harvested and left to dry in the sun until they become dark and wrinkled. Its intense, spicy and aromatic flavor makes it ideal for flavoring meat , soups, sauces and marinades. Often used in steaks and grills, also perfect for grilled or steamed vegetables .

White Pepper

White pepper comes from the same fruits as black pepper, but is harvested when fully ripe and left to ferment in water for a few days, allowing the outer skin to be removed and leaving only the internal seed. Its flavor is milder and less spicy, making it ideal for white sauces such as cream or béchamel , fish dishes, soups and creams. Often used in omelettes and scrambled eggs .

Green Pepper

Green pepper is obtained from the unripe fruits, preserved fresh, dried quickly or preserved in brine . It has a fresh, slightly spicy and aromatic flavor, and is commonly used in the preparation of green peppercorn sauce for fillet steak . It pairs well with game for its more delicate flavor and can be used fresh in salads for a crunchy and spicy touch. Also ideal for marinating meats such as chicken and turkey .

Pink Pepper

Pink pepper comes from the fruits of Schinus molle. It has a sweet and delicate flavor , with floral and slightly resinous notes. Often used to decorate gourmet dishes thanks to its bright color, it adds a unique touch to sweets and desserts such as chocolate and ice cream. Perfect for fruit salads and vegetable dishes, it is also used in mixology to add a spicy and aromatic touch to cocktails .

Red pepper

Red pepper comes from the ripe fruit of the Piper nigrum. The kernels are harvested at the peak of ripeness and can be dried or pickled . It has a complex flavour, sweeter and less pungent than black pepper, and is excellent with red meat and game dishes due to its rich, aromatic flavour . It adds depth and a slight sweetness to soups and stews, and is used in spice blends to marinate meats, especially poultry and pork . It is also perfect for adding a special touch to pasta dishes and risottos .